Legal Research Memorandum

Question: Talk about theLegal Research Memorandum. Answer: Presentation To: Walter White From: Agent Date: September 25, 2016 Re: Firm Director Issues The significant issue for this situation is whether Walter can attempt crafted by his cousin according to the Class FA Visitor (Subclass 600) conceded to him, on the conditions expressed in 8101, 8201, 8503 and 8531. Enactment The legal section and remain of a non-resident in Australia is represented by the standards expressed in the Migration Act, 1958[1]. The Regulations contains the strategies and standards which must be met by the non-residents. The organization of this Act is finished by the Commonwealth Department and the organization of the Regulations is finished by the Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs. The Department has delivered the direction for strategy in going with records to the Act and the Regulations which are known as the PAM3 (Procedure Advice Manual) and the MSIs (Migration Series Instructions)[2]. The visa under subclass 600 is conceded to such candidates, who apply for a Business Visitor steam visa. Such candidates need to satisfy the essential rules expressed in Subdivisions 600.21 and 600.24[3]. For this situation, the Class FA Visitor (Subclass 600) was allowed with certain conditions[4]. These conditions were, 8101, which expresses that the holder of such visa ought not take part in work in Australia. The condition expressed in 8201 contains, that the holder of such visa ought not be occupied with any kind of preparing or studies for in excess of a time of 3 months, in the wake of entering Australia. The conditions expressed in 8503 states that once the holder enters the nation, such holder would not be qualified for an award of any meaningful visa, till the time such holder is in Australia. This condition isn't pertinent for an insurance visa. Ultimately, the 8531 condition denies a holder of such visa from remaining in Australia, after the finish of the allowed time of remain. The guideline 1.03 of the Migration Act, 1958[5], characterizes fill in as an action which regularly draws in compensation in Australia. According to the Section 116 of this Act, the Minister has the ability to drop a visa if the Minister is fulfilled that the holder of visa has neglected to consent to the states of the visa[6], among different arrangements. Area 245AG of the Migration Act, 1958[7], contains the arrangements with respect to the importance of work and permits to work. According to subsection 1 of this section[8], work implies any kind of work whether it is accomplished for a prize or something else. Further, the subsection 2[9] gives that, an individual permits other individual to work, just on the off chance that one individual utilizes or connects with the other individual, according to an agreement of administration, other than in a local setting. On account of Amandeep v Minister for Immigration Anor[10], the Court depended on the meaning of work given in Regulation 1.03. The Court likewise depended on the test in regards to the movement which is performed by an individual and whether such action regularly pulls in compensation, in the nation (Australia). The Court likewise depended on the setting of help which was given as far as social, business, charitable inspirations or local. The Court held that the candidate was to be sure working and consequently, the application was excused with costs. Application In the current case, the work which Walter needs to attempt for his cousin is business in nature. According to the states of his visa, 8101, he is restricted from taking part in work in Australia. Further, according to the meaning of work given in the Regulation 1.03, just as the understanding of the Court on account of Amandeep v Minister for Immigration Anor, the action proposed to be attempted by Walter is secured under work as such work pulls in compensation in Australia. Likewise, his cousin needs to utilize Walter as a temporary worker, which unmistakably gathers the movement as work. In this way, it is prudent to Walter, to not take part in the movement of building a deck and finishing for his cousin, as this would be considered as work and his Visa may get dropped, because of participating in such action. End Along these lines, it very well may be inferred that Walter should abstain from offering the types of assistance to his cousin, Jesse Pink; in any case his visa might be dropped by the Minister for an inability to consent to the conditions, while award of the Class FA Visitor (Subclass 600) visa. References Cases Amandeep v Minister for Immigration Anor [2011] FMCA 757 (30 September 2011) Enactment Relocation Act, 1958 Relocation Regulations, 1994 Relocation Amendment Regulation, 2013 Other Reasonable Work Ombudsman, Australian Government, Migration Regulations, 1994 2010 https://www.fairwork.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/757/Fair-Work-Ombudsman-v-Centennial-Financial-Services-Ors.pdf.aspx

DBQ Han and Roman technology free essay sample

Innovation assumes a significant job in our regular day to day existences. The equivalent was valid in the first and second hundreds of years B.C. during the Han and Roman realms. These two realms were exceptionally ground-breaking during their time and innovation was utilized broadly across both. In spite of the fact that the Hans and the Romans both saw innovation as an approach to flaunt their capacity, the Hans considered innovation to be an esteemed and down to earth application to better the lives of the average citizens, while the Romans felt that innovation was just helpful on the off chance that it was made by the high society. Innovation during the Han and Roman realms was viewed as an apparatus to show how incredible and ground-breaking the domain was. The two domains were glad for their progressions and thought they were better than those of encompassing social orders. In Document 8, the Roman general Frontinus composes, â€Å"Compare such various and crucial structures conveying such a great amount of water with the inactive pyramids or the futile however well known works of the Greeks. We will compose a custom article test on DBQ Han and Roman innovation or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page † Frontinus plainly believes that the Roman reservoir conduits outperform anything done by the Egyptians or the Greeks. This striking explanation causes it to appear as though there is right around an opposition proceeding to see who has the best innovation and as per Romans it was clearly them. Moreover, Document 3 tells about the pestle and the mortar which were created by the head Fuxi. The archive states things, for example, â€Å"cleverly improved† or â€Å"increasing the efficiency† which shows how they utilized the innovation to better their general public. Innovation was so imperative to the Hans that even their head was making new types of it. This shows the Hans truly were pleased with their work and considered their to be as an approach to depict their incomparability similarly as the Romans did. An extra archive that would reinforce this perspective would be one from the spouse or girl of a high society man in both of these domains. A diary section from the spouse of the head or ruler discussing how her significant other is continually attempting to discover new innovation to better their domain and show how incredible and ground-breaking it is would affirm the empires’ utilization of innovation to show their quality. The Han domain esteemed innovation significantly and considered it to be the most ideal approach to improve the lives of the regular average workers. Archive 4 expresses that senator Tu Shih â€Å"loved the average folks and wished to spare their labor.† This shows the Hans thought about the everyday people and didn’t need them to work more earnestly than was vital. Likewise, Document 1 is composed by an administration official who wished to forestall flooding and preserve water. The yellow stream overflowed much of the time. Having the option to control the rising water and moderate it would keep crops from being demolished and the rationed water would have the option to be utilized for cultivating. This would significantly help the ranchers who were regularly crushed by the floods. Archive 1 shows how the Hans utilized innovation to support the ranchers. What's more, Document 2 likewise shows how the Han wish to improve the lives of the ordinary citizens. In Document 2 an administration official, named Huan Guan, understands that the state has committed an error in hoarding salt and iron exchanges in light of the fact that the apparatuses being made are not as high of value as those made by laborers for their own utilization. Guan composes. â€Å"Salt and iron are presently sold at significant expenses by the state and numerous ordinary citizens can't stand to purchase either.† The way that Guan understands the legislature has committed an error in cornering these exchanges shows that he truly is worried about the common laborers and needs to utilize innovation to support them. A record that would harden this point of view would be one from an individual in the regular workers.

How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile Raffle Drawing!

How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile Raffle Drawing! How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile Raffle Drawing! Did you know that last week (February 9-15, 2015) was International Random Acts of Kindness Week? Neither did I, until a woman named Ann Terry Gilman from Germany purchased my LinkedIn e-bookâ€"3 times! I wrote to Terry to find out whether she intended to purchase the book in triplicate, and she responded that no she did not, but would I please give away the two extra books to an organization in needâ€"in honor of RAK week! Terry took the message of RAK to heart and I am happy to announce that The Essay Expert will be holding a drawing on March 1 for an organization to receive a free lifetime subscription to the PDF version of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile. If you know a job club or an educational institution that would benefit from the information in the 11th edition of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile, please send the following information to teesupport@theessayexpert.com: Name of contact person Name of organization/institution Description of the mission of the organization/institution Email address the book (and lifetime updates!) will go to We will hold a drawing for 2 winners on March 1, 2015 and the winners will be announced through my e-list! Random Acts of Kindness Life Of course now that I know last week was RAK week, I’m thinking about whether I do enough RAKs in my life. Last week, one day I brought a smoothie to a friend who is a nurse and would miss dinner that day due to working long hours. I tried a new salmon recipe. I drove to Chicago to see people in my class person instead of attending, as I usually do, on the phone. I made 50 phone calls for people to assist on the Transform Training while the other people in my group were making 15-20 calls each. I brought my teddy bear to yoga class and talked to people I would not normally have talked to. I did all these things without knowing it was RAK week! Did you perform random acts of kindness last week too? Here are some ideas: Feel free to take these ideas and run with them on any day or week of the year! When recently have you put a smile on someone’s face or contributed to a good cause? Please share about it below! And if you know of an organization who would benefit from a lifetime subscription to How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile, remember to send their name, organization name, organization mission, and e-mail address to teesupport@theessayexpert.com!

The Logic of Collective Action by Mancur Olson

There are a lot of government policies, like airline bailouts, that from an economic perspective dont make any sense at all. Politicians have an incentive to keep the economy strong as incumbents are reelected at a much higher rate during booms than busts. So why do so many government policies make such little economic sense? The best answer to this question comes from a book that is almost 40 years old: The Logic of Collective Action by Mancur Olson explains why some groups are able to have a larger influence on government policy than others. In this brief outline, the results of The Logic of Collective Action are used to explain economic policy decisions. Any page references come from the 1971 edition. It has a very useful appendix not found in the 1965 edition. You would expect that if a group of people has a common interest that theyll naturally get together and fight for the common goal. Olson states, however, that this is generally not the case: But it is not in fact true that the idea that groups will act in their self-interest follows logically from the premise of rational and self-interested behavior. It does not follow, because all of the individuals in a group would gain if they achieved their group objective, that they would act to achieve that objective, even if they were all rational and self-interested. Indeed unless the number of individuals in a group is quite small, or unless there is coercion or some other special device to make individuals act in their common interest, rational, self-interested individuals will not act to achieve their common or group interests.(pg. 2) We can see why this is if we look at the classic example of perfect competition. Under perfect competition, there is a very large number of producers of an identical good. Since the goods are identical, all firms end up charging the same price, a price that leads to a zero economic profit. If the firms could collude and decide to cut their output and charge a price higher than the one that prevails under perfect competition all firms would make a profit. Although every firm in the industry would gain if they could make such an agreement, Olson explains why this does not happen: Since a uniform price must prevail in such a market, a firm cannot expect a higher price for itself unless all of the other firms in the industry have this higher price. But a firm in a competitive market also has an interest in selling as much as it can, until the cost of producing another unit exceeds the price of that unit. In this there is no common interest; each firms interest is directly opposed to that of every other firm, for the more the firms sell, the lower the price and income for any given firm. In short, while all firms have a common interest in a higher price, they have antagonistic interests where output is concerned.(pg. 9) The logical solution around this problem would be to lobby congress to put in place a price floor, stating that producers of this good cannot charge a price lower than some price X. Another way around the problem would be to have congress pass a law stating that there was a limit to how much each business could produce and that new businesses could not enter the market. Well see on the next page that The Logic of Collective Action explains why this will not work either. The Logic of Collective Action explains why if a group of firms cannot reach a collusive agreement in the marketplace, they will be unable to form a group and lobby the government for help: Consider a hypothetical, competitive industry, and suppose that most of the producers in that industry desire a tariff, a price-support program, or some other government intervention to increase the price for their product. To obtain any such assistance from the government, the producers in this industry will presumably have to organize a lobbying organization... The campaign will take the time of some of the producers in the industry, as well as their money. Just as it was not rational for a particular producer to restrict his output in order that there might be a higher price for the product of his industry, so it would not be rational for him to sacrifice his time and money to support a lobbying organization to obtain government assistance for the industry. In neither case would it be in the interest of the individual producer to assume any of the costs himself. [...] This would be true even if everyone in the industry were absolutely convinced that the proposed program was in their interest.(pg. 11) In both instances, groups will not be formed  because the groups cannot exclude people from benefiting if they do not join the cartel or lobbying organization. In a perfect competitive marketplace, the level of production of any one producer has a negligible impact of the market price of that good. A cartel will not be formed because every agent within the cartel has an incentive to drop out of the cartel and produce as much as she possibly can, as her production will not cause the price to drop at all. Similarly, each producer of the good has an incentive not to pay dues to the lobbying organization, as the loss of one dues paying member will not influence the success or failure of that organization. One extra member in a lobbying organization representing a very large group will not determine whether or not that group will get a piece of legislation enacted that will help the industry. Since the benefits of that legislation cannot be limited to those firms in the lobbying group, there is no reason for that firm to join. Olson indicates that this is the norm for very large groups: Migrant farm laborers are a significant group with urgent common interests, and they have no lobby to voice their needs. The white-collar workers are a large group with common interests, but they have no organization to care for their interests. The taxpayers are a vast group with an obvious common interest, but in an important sense they have yet to obtain representation. The consumers are at least as numerous as any other group in the society, but they have no organization to countervail the power of organized monopolistic producers. There are multitudes with an interest in peace, but they have no lobby to match those of the special interests that may on occasion have an interest in war. There are vast numbers who have a common interest in preventing inflation and depression, but they have no organization to express that interest. (pg. 165) In a smaller group, one person makes up a larger percentage of the resources of that group, so the addition or subtraction of a single member to that organization can determine the success of the group. There are also social pressures which work much better on the small than on the large. Olson gives two reasons why large groups are inherently unsuccessful in their attempts to organize: In general, social pressure and social incentives operate only in groups of smaller size, in the groups so small that the members can have face-to-face contact with one another. Though in an oligopolic industry with only a handful of firms there may be strong resentment against the chiseler who cuts prices to increase his own sales at the expense of the group, in a perfectly competitive industry there is usually no such resentment; indeed the man who succeeds in increasing his sales and output in a perfectly competitive industry is usually admired and set up as a good example by his competitors. There are perhaps two reasons for this difference in the attitudes of large and small groups. First, in the large, latent group, each member, by definition, is so small in relation to the total that his actions will not matter much one way or another; so it would seem pointless for one perfect competitor to snub or abuse another for a selfish, antigroup action, because the recalcitrants action would not be decisive in any event. Second, in any large group everyone cannot possibly know everyone else, and the group will ipso facto not be a friendship group; so a person will ordinarily not be affected socially if he fails to make sacrifices on behalf of his groups goals.(pg. 62) Because smaller groups can exert these social (as well as economic) pressures, they are much more able to get around this problem. This leads to the result that smaller groups (or what some would call Special Interest Groups) are able to have policies enacted that hurt the country as a whole. In the sharing of the costs of efforts to achieve a common goal in small groups, there is however a surprising tendency for the exploitation of the great by the small.(pg. 3). Now that we know that smaller groups will generally be more successful than large ones, we understand why the government enacts many of the policies it does. To illustrate how this works, well use a made-up example of such a policy. Its a very drastic over-simplification, but its not that far out. Suppose there are four major airlines in the United States, each of whom is near bankruptcy. The CEO of one of the airlines realizes that they can get out of bankruptcy by lobbying the government for support. He can convince the 3 other airlines to go along with the plan, as they realize that theyll be more successful if they band together and if one of the airlines does not participate a number of lobbying resources will be greatly diminished along with the credibility of their argument. The airlines pool their resources and hire a high-priced lobbying firm along with a handful of unprincipled economists. The airlines explain to the government that without a $400 million dollar package they will not be able to survive. If they do not survive, there will be terrible consequences for the economy, so its in the best interest of the government to give them the money. The congresswoman listening to the argument finds it compelling, but she also recognizes a self-serving argument when she hears one. So shed like to hear from groups opposing the move. However, its obvious that such a group will not form, for the following reason: The $400 million dollars represents around $1.50 for each person living in America. Now obviously many of those individuals do not pay taxes, so well assume that it represents $4 for each tax-paying American (this assumes everyone pays the same amount in taxes which again is an over-simplification). Its obvious to see that its not worth the time and effort for any American to educate themselves about the issue, solicit donations for their cause and lobby to congress if theyd only gain a few dollars. So other than a few academic economists and think tanks, nobody opposes the measure, and it is enacted by congress. By this, we see that a small group is inherently at an advantage against a larger group. Although in total the amount at stake is the same for each group, the individual members of the small group have much more at stake than the individual members of the large group, so they have an incentive to spend more time and energy trying to change government policy. If these transfers just caused one group to gain at the others expense, it wouldnt hurt the economy at all. It wouldnt be any different than someone just handing you $10; youve gained $10 and that person lost $10, and the economy as a whole has the same value it had before. However, it does cause a decline in the economy for two reasons: The cost of lobbying. Lobbying is inherently a non-productive activity for the economy. The resources spent on lobbying are resources that are not being spent on creating wealth, so the economy is poorer as a whole. The money spent on lobbying could have been spent buying a new 747, so the economy as a whole is one 747 poorer.The deadweight loss caused by taxation. In the article The Effect of Taxes on the Economy, its illustrated that higher taxes causes productivity to decline and the economy to be worse off. Here the government was taking $4 from each taxpayer, which is not a significant amount. However, the government enacts hundreds of these policies so in total the sum becomes quite significant. These handouts to small groups cause a decline in economic growth because they change the actions of taxpayers.

Power and Discourse Analysis Essay - 1811 Words

Power use is around us whether noticed or not. Power in Discourse Analysis is a medium to achieve an end. The end is for stronger of the two sides of the discourse. Power in discourse analysis is the use of language in a discourse allowing the person who acquires knowledge and high status in the discourse takes control of the discourse thus having the higher power. In the following paragraphs, I will discuss nature of power argued in Discourse Analysis, attempts made to define ‘power’ in social research and discuss the different types of power. First, nature of power argued in Discourse Analysis is related to the nature of language. Using language in life is accompanied by using its power. Different conditions vary the power and the†¦show more content†¦Pragmatics is strictly focused on language as a use of language according to a certain strategy planed by language speaker or writer. Cognitive psychology and Artificial Intelligence analysis on language study is too narrowed. It has no ideological and social implications shaped by human being. How does a computer machine know emotions intended in single word? It can’t. Within discourse analysis, comes a more practical and useful approach which is Conversation analysis. But it is also narrowed. It shows the study of every person in a conversation and each time every person speaks or writes. The moment that a person stops to speak or write again is very important. What he meant before might change at every time he stops. Second, there are many attempts to define ‘power’ in social research. â€Å"The description of discourse analysis (henceforth DA) can be viewed as a challenging enterprise, given the variety of approaches that this field encompasses† (Zanà ³n 1-2) so there are more than one definition for discourse analysis. Saussure’s understanding of language is like an abstract before the use of language and the use of it is what he calls â€Å"parole†. The variation of language is matters of individual choice but Sociolinguistics argue that the term discourse is socially identified and its variation is socially constructed. Basically as there is power manipulation and domination in society thus discourseShow MoreRelatedCritical Discourse Analysis1510 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Discourse Analysis Social communication is increasingly becoming a subject of scientists’ discussions from different disciplines, as well as ordinary language users.  In contemporary social sciences, especially in linguistics, we see a clear shift to discourse.  Discourse allows us to talk about use of the language, as well as the language as a socio-cultural activity.  In this sense, discourse, on one hand, reflects the social reality, on the other hand, it shapes it, therefore participateRead MoreCritical Discourse Analysis1347 Words   |  6 Pages2.1. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA): 2.1.1. What is CDA? 2.1.1.1. Critical, discourse and analysis Before beginning to address what CDA is, it is important to be clear about what is meant by the concepts of critical, discourse, and analysis: The notion of ‘critical’ is primarily associated with the critical theory of the Frankfurt School where social theory should be oriented towards critiquing and changing society. In CDA, the concept of ‘critical’ is appliedRead MoreCritical Discourse Analysis ( Cda )1507 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is an interdisciplinary approach, which has been further developed on the basis of Discourse Analysis (DA) since 1970s. The insights have been expanded into a broader range of social, cultural, psychological and political practices. It is regarded as the textual study aiming to elucidate the abuses of power residing in the texts by analyzing linguistic/semiotic remarks in accordance with the existing (social, political, cultural, etc.) contexts in which those textsRead MoreBlack Masculinity Through The Media923 Words   |  4 Pagesbe derived from the data (Creswell, Creswell, 2007) CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OVERVIEW The primary method of this research is Critical discourse analysis or CDA. Critical discourse analysis is a theoretical and methodological approach to an empirical study of the relationship between discourse, social development and cultural development in the different social domains (Jorgensen Phillips. 2002). Critical Discourse Analysis is one of the main components of Phenomenology. Phenomenology â€Å"isRead MoreLiterature On Teacher Student Power Relations783 Words   |  4 Pagesliterature on teacher-student power relations, is that the matter of power shall be addressed carefully either from teacher or student’s side since it can directly affect the relationship formation and learning process. For instances, teachers are advised and guided with several specific bases and effective of power, or students are subtly apply resistance strategies to the teachers. Secondly, it is acknowledged that there is a gap in the literature of teacher-student power relations in terms of neglectingRead MoreThe Concept Of Abductive Methodology786 Words   |  4 Pagesconflict theory, it will also suggest possible hypothesis while analyzing the data available. Discourse analysis is a framework used to analyze written, vocal, or sign language. (Yatsko V.A, Integrational discourse analysis conception). Discourse analysis does not presuppose a bias towards the study of either spoken or written language (Stef Slembrouck as cited in Whittaker, O’Donnell, Hidalgo). Discourse is the conventional idea that writing and language is planned according to different patternsRead MoreAnalysis Of Foucault And Queer Theory 1211 Words   |  5 PagesIn Foucault and Queer Theory Spargo defines queer theory as a nebulous group of cultural criticism and analysis of social power structures relating to sexuality . It is these power structures and aspects of culture that are responsible for the discourse that creates and informs ones understanding of gender, race, and sexuality. However these aspects of identity do not exist separately from one another, but are constructed in tandem throughout history. These layers of identity inform each otherRead M oreA Critical Discourse Analysis ( Cda ) And Argumentation Theory860 Words   |  4 Pagesempirical study constitutes a critical discourse analysis of part of the discourse that surrounds the New Caledonian independence issue. It aims to explore audience response to political speeches, to investigate how politicians attempt to persuade people to follow a particular course of action, to link the notions of discourse and action to the cognitive dimensions of ideology and presuppositions, to further clarify various contextual factors, such as power configurations, to describe possible semanticRead MoreNew Caoleia Case Study997 Words   |  4 Pagestools such as Systemic Functional Grammar and Pragma-Dialectics, as well as insights from postcolonialism and poststructuralism to explore the impact of power and ideology on language use and social or political practice in the New Caledonian decolonisation process. Not only was linguistic evidence adduced to show how the French dominant po wers employ a common destiny rhetoric to manipulate the other groups into accepting that New Caledonia needs to remain closely associated with France, motivatedRead MoreHistorical Analysis, Discourse, And Frame Analysis835 Words   |  4 Pagesstatistical analysis, historical analysis, discourse analysis, and frame analysis techniques, Beckett is able to paint a broad picture of her argument. Her use of polls and surveys demonstrates that the traditional link between public opinion and the tough on crime policies that led to mass incarceration is problematic. Her historical analysis traces the historical development of these policies highlighting the various players and actors operating and struggling for power. Finally, her discourse and frame

Wage Gap Between Genders Free Essays

Earnings often signify how in dividends are valued socially and economically, therefore earning ratios between men and omen have been essential for social movements. The remaining is often wage discriminate ion since it is the difference in earnings between identical males and females. Women with equal 1 credentials should be paid equal as men Pay Equity Discrimination Women should be paid equally as men because gender makes no difference I n what a person can do on the job. We will write a custom essay sample on Wage Gap Between Genders or any similar topic only for you Order Now The resulting â€Å"urban legends† of gender difference can affect men and women at work and at home, as parents and as partners. When it co mess to personal relationships, bestselling books and popular magazines often claim t at women and men don’t get along because they communicate too differently. A lot of people believe that just being female they can not do the same as males. The fact that people belie eve females to be physically and mentally shows discrimination in genders. Women are been g put down because of their gender but can be physically and mentally better than men. As stated in Human Psychology 101 most discrimination is due to past prejudice. Whooped and ‘Pay Equity Discrimination Institute for women’s policy 201 1. 9 DCE. 20 14 http://www. iwpr. org/initiatives/payequityanddiscrimination others were regarded as women’s most significant professions. Since e early times women have been uniquely viewed as a creative source of human life. Women should be paid equally as men because historically the inequality has proven to be pure discrimination. Discrimination between genders is deeply rooted in our modern society. The gender pay gap affects all Women, but for Women Of cool r the wage gap is worse. Asian American women’s salaries show the smallest gender pay gap, at 90 percent of white men’s earnings. Hispanic women’s salaries show the largest gap, at 5 4 percent of white men’s earnings. White men are used as a benchmark because they make e up the largest demographic group in the labor force. Let is unlawful to harass a person because of that person’s sex. Harassment can include â€Å"sexual harassment† or unwelcome sex al advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical harassment of a sex al nature. Harassment does not have to be of a sexual nature, however, and can include offensive remarks about a person’s goalmouths the law doesn’t prohibit simple teasing g, offhand comments, or isolated incidents that are not very serious, harassment is illegal I when it is so request or severe that It creates a hostile or offensive work environment or when it results in an adverse employment decision.. Most discrimination is caused due to either peer pressure to curry favor with their friends around them, or because they have a total lack k of selectors and selfsame, and they can’t feel good about who they are unless they are p outing down someone else, or making another person feel badly. In the past most believed that the male gender was the superior gender and put women down to keep it that way. W omen were first thought to only be made to carry children and do household chores. Before it as prohibited for women to have professions except for teaching and writing. Some feared t hat the female gender would take over. It is unlawful to harass a person because of that person’s sex. Discrimination between genders is nothing new; it all goes back to before cool nail times. In the 1 9th century the medical profession was an example of a change d attitude. Beginning in the 19th century education was required but, women were bare d from attending colleges for any profession other than teaching. This usually proven Ted women that married and bore child’s at young ages to begin any professional career they c SSE. Around this time discrimination rose. For example in 1846 the American Medical Sass conation barred women from being members. It wasn’t until 1915 that the American Medical a association began to allow female admittance-Since the signing Of the equal pay act Of 19 63, it is now illegal to pay men and women substantially different wages for equal work (N WAC, 2013). Pay difference between men and women remains a hot topic that keeps resume facing over the years and reasons behind the gap are highly debated. Gendered violence (GOB) is violence that is directed against a person on t he basis of gender. It constitutes a breach of the fundamental right to life, liberty, security, dignity, equality between women and men, nondiscrimination and physical an d mental integrity. Gendered violence and violence against women are often used indistinguishable as most gendered violence is inflicted by men on women and girls. Gendered violence includes: domestic violence, sexual harassment, rape, sexual violence during conflict an d harmful customary or traditional practices such as female genital mutilation, f arced marriages and honor crimes trafficking in women, forced prostitution and violations of human rights in AR De conflict (in particular murder, systematic rape, sexual slavery and forced pregnancy) ; forced sterilization, forced abortion, coercive use of contraceptives, female infanticide and prenatal sex selection. Domestic violence remains one of the most widespread forms of genders violence. Battering, often referred to as domestic violence happens to women of every age, race, class, and nationality. Battering takes many forms and includes a RA Eng of threatening and harmful behavior. It may take the form of verbal and emotion anal abuse, with the direct or implied threat of violence. Gender equality is a human right. Gender Equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for the creation of sustainable and p useful societies. Women are entitled to live with dignity and with freedom from want and from fear. Women are treated in many other aspects Of life as equals so why not be paid equally also. Gender equality is at the very heart of human rights and United Nations values. A fundamental principle of the United Nations Charter adopted by woo RL leaders in 1945 is â€Å"equal rights for men and women†, and protecting and promoting woo men’s human rights is the responsibility of all States. Empowered women contribute o the health and productivity of whole families and communities, and they improve pros sects for the next generation. All women and girls have equal access to quality education, employment, housing, and health, irrespective of race, class, income, immigrant Zion Status or involvement with the criminal justice system. For more than 30 years, LINEN A has advocated for women and girls, promoting legal and policy reforms and gene resistive data collection, and supporting initiatives that improve women’s health and e expand their choices in life. Protecting and promoting her reproductive rights is essential t ensuring her freedom to participate more fully and equally in society. The UCLA has alls o been working to secure gender rights and ensure all women’s are able to lead lives of dignity free from violence and discrimination. They have been making sure that educe action privileges are equal between genders. They keep all job opportunities the as me. All opportunities are being kept equal yet women still haven’t been given an ex. al and fair amount of pay. Women have been in the workforce for generations. They strives to be equal to men and gain the same rights as them. How to cite Wage Gap Between Genders, Papers

Mills Utilitarianism Essays - Ethics, Philosophy, Utilitarianism

Mill's Utilitarianism When faced with a moral dilemma, utilitarianism identifies the appropriate considerations, but offers no realistic way to gather the necessary information to make the required calculations. This lack of information is a problem both in evaluating the welfare issues and in evaluating the consequentialist issues which utilitarianism requires be weighed when making moral decisions. Utilitarianism attempts to solve both of these difficulties by appealing to experience; however, no method of reconciling an individual decision with the rules of experience is suggested, and no relative weights are assigned to the various considerations. In deciding whether or not to torture a terrorist who has planted a bomb in New York City, a utilitarian must evaluate both the overall welfare of the people involved or effected by the action taken, and the consequences of the action taken. To calculate the welfare of the people involved in or effected by an action, utilitarianism requires that all individuals be considered equally. Quantitative utilitarians would weigh the pleasure and pain which would be caused by the bomb exploding against the pleasure and pain that would be caused by torturing the terrorist. Then, the amounts would be summed and compared. The problem with this method is that it is impossible to know beforehand how much pain would be caused by the bomb exploding or how much pain would be caused by the torture. Utilitarianism offers no practical way to make the interpersonal comparison of utility necessary to compare the pains. In the case of the bomb exploding, it at least seems highly probable that a greater amount of pain would be caused, at least in the present, by the bomb exploding. This probability suffices for a quantitative utilitarian, but it does not account for the consequences, which create an entirely different problem, which will be discussed below. The probability also does not hold for Mill's utilitarianism. Mill's Utilitarianism insists on qualitative utilitarianism, which requires that one consider not only the amount of pain or pleasure, but also the quality of such pain and pleasure. Mill suggests that to distinguish between different pains and pleasures we should ask people who have experienced both types which is more pleasurable or more painful. This solution does not work for the question of torture compared to death in an explosion. There is no one who has experienced both, therefore, there is no one who can be consulted. Even if we agree that the pain caused by the number of deaths in the explosion is greater than the pain of the terrorist being tortured, this assessment only accounts for the welfare half of the utilitarian's considerations. Furthermore, one has no way to measure how much more pain is caused by allowing the bomb to explode than by torturing the terrorist. After settling the issues surrounding the welfare, a utilitarian must also consider the consequences of an action. In weighing the consequences, there are two important considerations. The first, which is especially important to objectivist Utilitarianism, is which people will be killed. The second is the precedent which will be set by the action. Unfortunately for the decision maker, the information necessary to make either of these calculations is unavailable. There is no way to determine which people will be killed and weigh whether their deaths would be good for society. Utilitarianism requires that one compare the good that the people would do for society with the harm they would do society if they were not killed. For example, if a young Adolf Hitler were in the building, it might do more good for society to allow the building to explode. Unfortunately for an individual attempting to use utilitarianism to make for decisions, there is no way to know beforehand what a person will do. Furthermore, without even knowing which building the bomb is in, there is no way to predict which people will surely be in the building. A subjectivist utilitarian would dismiss this consideration and would examine only what a rational person would consider to be the consequence; however, even the subjectivist utilitarian must face the question of precedent setting. Utilitarianism considers justice and humane treatment to be good for society as a whole and therefore instrumentally good as a means