The Golden Era Of Hip Hop Was A Period In The 80S And Early

The Golden Era of Hip Hop was a period in the 80s and early 90s characterized by its diversity, innovation, and cultural influence. Hip Hop is considered to have been born in 1973, in South Bronx, New York by Jamaican-born Kool DJ Herc (Blanchard, B, 1999). He used a turntable technique at a Halloween party, which eventually became extremely popular at every party scene. The term â€Å"breakdancing† came to life shortly after. Rhymes over hip hop music, also known as rap, began first as a commentary of the ability of the DJ. MCs introduced DJs and their songs. This rhythmic music produced by DJs at parties combined with an increase of break dancers, graffiti artists, and importance of MCs, created what we know today as the culture of hip hop.†¦show more content†¦Rap was called â€Å"the black CNN† by rapper Chuck D because they were reporting issues within the inner city community through mainstream media. This idea of rap as â€Å"the black CNN† can be seen from the descendance of rapper as griots. Griots were the keepers and purveyors of of knowledge, which included tribal history, family lineage, news of birth and death, and war (Blanchard, B, 1999). Rappers create songs that through performance and recordings, allows it to spread worldwide about their lives, dreams, and discontents. They are the voice of poor, urban African American youth whose lives are usually misrepresented or dismissed by mainstream media. Rappers become the keepers of contemporary African- American working-class history and concerns. Public Enemy’s lyrics were dissected by critics in light of Chuck D’s statement. Their song called Fight the Power, recorded in 1989, caused uproar because of the blunt attacks of celebrities such as Elvis Presley and John Wayne. They called these two celebrities out on being racist instead of being a hero to them, Public Enemy or it could be generalized to the black community, as they were to everyone else. This song created a unified message that could apply to everyone, not just the African American community. Beneath the lyrics lie powerful messages about history and politics. When people listen and don’t understand the lyrics, it causes them to maybe want to do research to be more informed. Rappers suchShow MoreRelatedThe Golden Era of East Coast Hip-Hop2032 Words   |  9 PagesThe Golden era of east coast hip-hop This piece will demonstrate an understanding of the golden era of East coast hip-hop, from 1986 to 1993, focusing and analysing the historical roots, influences and inspirational individuals, giving reference to musical examples that shaped East coast hip-hop. Attention will also be centred on the legacy left, concentrating on the music that was influenced as well as the resulting change in fashion and political views. Historical roots influence TheRead MoreWhy Video Games Have Made A Shift Into Mainstream Pop Culture6550 Words   |  27 Pagesdefinition being that culture can be used as â€Å"a general process of intellectual, spiritual and aesthetic development† (Williams, 1976) An example of this theory in effect would be to look at the transition Europe went through into The Renaissance period from the Medieval Ages and the reasons behind the cultural shift. A variety of factors can be considered for the cultural shift from the rise of the wealthy banking family House Medici who had a huge role to play in the sponsorship of art, architectureRead MoreAdidas Marketing Plan20779 Words   |  84 Pages†©by†©making†©some†©key†©changes†©in†©its†©approach†©to†©its†©current†©situation,†©Adidas†© has†©the†©potential†©to†©grab†©hold†©of†©a†©much†©greater†©base†©of†©loyal†©consumers†©b esides†©its†©soccer†© market.†© †© We†©have†©five†©recommendations†©that,†©if†©implemented†©effectively,†©will†©lead†©adidas†©into†© a†©new†©era†©of†©market†©penetration†©and†©customer†©loyalty†©that†©will†©put†©adidas†©in†©position†©to†© truly†©compete†©with†©its†©rival†©Nike.†©Our†©first†©recommendation†©is†©to†©become†©a†©more†©socially†© responsible†©company†©by†©improving†©supply†©chain†©management†©practices.†©Secondly,†©we†©Read MoreAdidas Marketing Plan20768 Words   |  84 Pages†©by†©making†©some†©key†©changes†©in†©its†©approach†©to†©its†©current†©situation,†©Adidas†© has†©the†©potential†©to†©grab†©hold†©of†©a†©much†©greater†©base†©of†©loyal†©consumers†©besides†©its†©soccer†© market.†© †© We†©have†©five†©recommendations†©that,†©if†©implemented†©effectively,†©will†©lead†©adidas†©into†© a†©new†©era†©of†©market†©penetration†©and†©customer†©loyalty†©that†©will†©put†©adidas†©in†©position†©to†© truly†©compete†©with†©its†©rival†©Nike.†©Our†©first†©recommendation†©is†©to†©become†©a†©more†©socially†© responsible†©company†©by†©improving†©supply†©chain†©management†©practices.†©Secondly,†©we†©Read MoreStrategic Analysis of Sabmiller16447 Words   |  66 Pages(SABMiller plc) 1.1 History 1. Early history 2. Diversified into Bottles, Lodging, and Mineral Water in Early 20th Century 3. Takeover of Ohlssons and United Breweries in 1956 4. Reincorporated in South Africa in 1970 5. Government Restrictions Leading to More Diversification: 1980s and Early 1990s 6. International Expansion in the Post-Apartheid Era 7. Moving into the Developed World As SABMiller, Early 2000s 2. CHAPTER 1 1. IntroductionRead MoreStrategic Analysis of Sabmiller16462 Words   |  66 PagesBreweries (SABMiller plc) 1.1 History 1. Early history 2. Diversified into Bottles, Lodging, and Mineral Water in Early 20th Century 3. Takeover of Ohlssons and United Breweries in 1956 4. Reincorporated in South Africa in 1970 5. Government Restrictions Leading to More Diversification: 1980s and Early 1990s 6. International Expansion in the Post-Apartheid Era 7. Moving into the Developed World As SABMiller, Early 2000s 2. CHAPTER 1 1. Introduction to SouthRead MoreCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 Pagesappear in the next section. Student preparation for case discussion If you are inexperienced with the case method, you may need to alter your study habits. A lecture-oriented course may not require you to do intensive preparation for each class period. In such a course, you have the latitude to work through assigned readings and review lecture notes according to your own schedule. However, an assigned case requires significant and conscientious preparation before class. Without it, you will beRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesSENIOR MEDIA EDITOR George Hoffman Lise Johnson Carissa Doshi Dorothy Sinclair Matt Winslow Amy Scholz Carly DeCandia Alana Filipovich Jeof Vita Arthur Medina Allison Morris This book was set in 10/12 New Caledonia by Aptara ®, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Westford. The cover was printed by Courier/Westford. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright  © 2009, 2006, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1995, 1992, 1989, 1986, 1981, 1976 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. NoRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesprofoundly deaf people and that this provides a huge undeveloped market for the implantable hearing devices industry. STEP 3 THE INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT E X T E R N A L A N A LY S I S S T E P 1 W H AT INDUSTRY IS IT? You must decide on this early. This is an important step, because it changes the analysis – for example, your industry analysis will yield different conclusions depending on what industry you determine. STEP 2 GENERAL A N A LY S I S ENVIRONMENT Analyse the six genericRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 Pagesclasses and in part because of logistical advantages. The result is more price pressure. Sales promotion is both a driver and an indicator of the price focus. In the 1950s, about 10 percent of the communication mix was devoted to price promotions. Those were the days when distribution was simple, retailers were concerned with building new stores rather than squeezing margins, and markets were growing. Today, more than 75 percent of the advertising / promotion spends are going to promotion. These

Intellectual Capital And Corporate Performance In Nigeria

INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND CORPORATE PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA BANKS Dr.Egungwu, Ikenna Banking Finance Department, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State, Nigeria E-mail: ikennaegungwu@yahoo.com Egungwu, Ngozi Ursula Accountancy Department, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State, Nigeria E-mail: ngoziegungwu@yahoo.com Abstract This study is on the interaction between corporate performance variables and Intellectual capital effectiveness of selected banks in Nigeria. Intellectual capital has been variously defined as knowledge capital employed in an organization to improve the value creation ability of the organization. It has attracted the attention of researchers†¦show more content†¦The study concluded that banks should consider intellectual capital as a veritable tool in harnessing the organisation’s resources to ensure improvement in her performance indicators. The study recommended that banks should take inventory of her portfolio (assets) so as to identify those of them that are no longer useful and also employ qualified, experienced and trained staff to add value to her intellectu1resources. Key words: Intellectual capital, asset quality, loan quality, net income, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) INTRODUCTION Intellectual capital has attracted considerable interest from both academics and practitioners. Research in this area has highlighted the importance of intellectual capital in generating and sustaining organizational competitive advantage (Bontis, 2000;); is generally conceptualized as â€Å"intellectual material - knowledge, information, experience, core technique, intellectual property, and customer relationship that can be put to use to create wealth† (Stewart, 1997); a knowledge-based economy, characterized by a rapid expansion of knowledge-intensive industries creating and exploiting knowledge and information in all sectors of the economy (Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995). However, despite an increasing recognition of the importance of intellectual capital in theShow MoreRelatedWealth Maximization And Corporate Social Responsibility1745 Words   |  7 PagesWealth Maximization and Corporate Social Responsibility Ebehi Onakpoma Introduction There has been a lingering argument about the legitimacy and importance of corporate responses to CSR concerns. There are diverse opinions of the role of the firm in the environment and thoughts on whether profit maximization should be the only goal of a corporation. Profit maximization is the goal of any business. It is the process by which profits (EPS) of the business are increased. In other words,Read MoreAn Assessment of the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Nigerian Society: the Examples of Banking and Communication Industries18990 Words   |  76 Pagesimpact of corporate social responsibility on Nigerian society: The examples of banking and communication industries Adeyanju, Olanrewaju David Department of Financial Studies Redeemer’s University, km 46, Lagos Ibadan Expressway Mowe, Ogun State E-mail: davfol@yahoo.com, Tel No.: 07037794073 Accepted 30 January, 2012 In the Nigerian society, Corporate Social Responsibilities [CSR] has been a highly cotemporary and contextual issue to all stakeholders including the government, the corporate organizationRead MoreProceedings Of The Second Conference On Human Capital Development9482 Words   |  38 PagesProceedings of the Second Conference on Human Capital Development Vol. 2 No. 2 2015 Theme: ENHANCING HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH MULTI-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH Date 30th June 2015 Venue Conference Hall, Rivers State College of Arts and Science Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria Fortress Educational Consultancy Services Limited Proceedings of the Second Conference on Human Capital Development Vol. 2 No. 2 2015 Editorial Board Editor: DrRead MoreThe Millennium Development Goals2682 Words   |  11 Pageshighlights the importance of SMEs in helping a developing country move in the right direction. The research proposal is focussed on how Nigeria-a developing country can also build its SMEs in a way that will make more visible impact and contribute to the country’s GDP and overall economy. According to the International Finance Corporation (IFC) study of Nigeria cited by (Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, n. d), they estimate that similar to Malaysia, 96% of Nigerian businesses are SMEs with over 90% in manufacturingRead MoreHuman Resources Development in Nigeria Local Government5371 Words   |  22 Pagesproductivity, but the question is â€Å"how much? It is even difficult to show causal link between HR development and national /organizational performance partly because pay off from development may not be seen in the short term. It is also difficult to tie-down performance improvement to the development itsel f and to understand the nature of the link. For example, is performance better because of increased or different HR development, because the reward package has improved or because we have a clearer set ofRead MoreInformation and Communication Technology as Bedrock of the Nation13285 Words   |  54 Pagesrecognizes that Biotechnology, especially genetic engineering provides the potential to make Life Sciences an engine of growth and business for the 1 country. This has led to the establishment of the National Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA). Nigeria is considered one of the richest countries in Bio-resources with its extensive biodiversity. The Federal Ministry of Science and Technology recognizes this and is therefore collaborating with the Federal Ministry of Environment and other stakeholdersRead More2.0 the Impact of Globalization in Human Resour3435 Words   |  14 Pagespublication entitled Towards New Education in 1930, to denote a holistic view of human experience in education. An early description of globalization was penned by the founder of the Bible Student movement Charles Taze Russell who coined the term corporate giants in 1897, although it was not until the 1960s that the term began to be widely used by economists and other social scientists. The term has since then achieved widespread use in the mainstream press by the later half of the 1980s. Since itsRead MoreTHE IMPACT OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT12932 Words   |  52 PagesAS A CRITICAL FACTOR IN THE BANKING SECTOR (A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK OF NIGERIA PLC MAIN BRANCH ENUGU). BY IDORENYIN OKON IKPUT BA/2009/265 DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCES CARITAS UNIVERSITY, AMORJI–NIKE, ENUGU AUGUST 2013 2 TITLE PAGE THE PACT OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES AS A CRITICAL FACTOR IN THE BANKING SECTOR (A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK NIGERIA PLC MAIN BRANCH ENUGU) By IDORENYIN OKON IKPUT BA/2009/265 A PROJECT SUBMITTEDRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management (Shrm): a Paradigm Shift for Achieving Sustained Competitive Advantage in Organization7616 Words   |  31 Pageshttp://www.eurojournals.com Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM): A Paradigm Shift for Achieving Sustained Competitive Advantage in Organization Benjamin James Inyang Department of Business Management, University of Calabar P.M.B. 1115 Calabar, Nigeria E-mail: benji1955.unical@yahoo.co.uk Tel: +234 8033773403 Abstract The human resource of an organization offered the potential synergy for sustained competitive advantage, when properly deployed, maintained and utilized. From the onset, the traditionalRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management (Shrm): a Paradigm Shift for Achieving Sustained Competitive Advantage in Organization7632 Words   |  31 Pageshttp://www.eurojournals.com Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM): A Paradigm Shift for Achieving Sustained Competitive Advantage in Organization Benjamin James Inyang Department of Business Management, University of Calabar P.M.B. 1115 Calabar, Nigeria E-mail: benji1955.unical@yahoo.co.uk Tel: +234 8033773403 Abstract The human resource of an organization offered the potential synergy for sustained competitive advantage, when properly deployed, maintained and utilized. From the onset, the traditional

Supporting children and young people’s positive behaviour Free Essays

Supporting Children and Young People’s positive behaviour. 1. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Supporting children and young people’s positive behaviour or any similar topic only for you Order Now Describe with examples the importance of all staff consistently and fairly applying boundaries and rules for children and young people’s behaviour in accordance with the policies and procedures of the setting. Boundaries: These are the limits within which behaviour is acceptable or what may, and may not be done. Boundaries are there to guide children and young people’s behaviour in the setting and it is very important for all staffs to consistently apply these boundaries fairly. Behaviour is learnt from what we see others do or say, so, it s very important for the staff to watch children closely and make sure that they apply the boundaries at all times. The importance of staffs applying the rules and boundaries are: It helps children and people to know what is right from wrong. For example, when a child knows what is right from wrong, or what is acceptable and what is not, then they will be able to do the right thing most of the time. If they know jumping is not allowed in the setting then they are going to behave accordingly. If all staff applies the boundaries and rules of their settings, then children will not feel hey are being misled. For example, one staff says they can bring snacks to school and another staff says they are not allowed to bring snacks. If this happens, a child will get confused and feel misled by one of the staff. It enables all the staff to be consistent in their approach in dealing with behaviour issues. For example, if there is no consistency in staff applying the boundaries and rules then there will be chaos in the setting, and this will not help positive behaviour in children. But if there is consistency then every child in the setting will know that no matter whom they go to n the setting, they will always get one answer. The importance of all staff being fair, and consistent are: It helps children to develop a sense of responsibility for their own actions and encourages them to think about the consequences of their behaviour. For example, the rule says no running in the corridor and staff keep reminding children about it all the time then, when a child runs in the corridor the others will tell him or her no running, and he or she will know that if they run, they will fall and when they fall, they will hurt themselves. So, they know what will happen when they disobey. It ensures that the school rules are enforced and children behave in a responsible manner. For instance, when staffs are consistent in applying the rules then there will be order in the settings and the promotion of good behaviour. Children will also know what the rules and boundaries are and therefore behave accordingly. It ensures that all children are treated fairly by staff applying the equal opportunity procedures. For example, when two children behave inappropriately, they both must receive the same sanction, one should not be favoured over the other. When two hildren fght, you have to listen to both sides and be fair in your Judgement. Some children behave inappropriately all the time but they must not be victimized in situations but rather listened to and treated tairly as other children It helps children with unwanted behaviour to improve and behave positively. For instance, if a child likes to pinch other children and all the staffs apply the rules consistently, that child is bound to change from that unwanted behaviour to positive behaviour. How to set fair rules and boundaries: Setting realistic rules for the setting; For example, ensuring the set rules are ppropriate for age and stage of development. For instance, setting a rule for one to two years that says, â€Å"No crying for toys or You must share,† that is not realistic based on their age and level of understanding. By involving the children in setting the rules and boundaries. If the children are involved in the rule setting then they will apply it because they will always remember and obey it. If everybody agrees on the set rules and boundaries. This means they understand what they are agreeing to so therefore, they can live by it and when others are behaving inappropriately, they will let them know it is unacceptable behaviour. How to cite Supporting children and young people’s positive behaviour, Papers

Systematic Reviews & Meta Analysis

Question: Systematic reviews Meta-analysis by Kim G Bae J-H. Answer: The following questions concern the systematic review meta-analysis by Kim G Bae J-H. Vitamin D and atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition 2016 [in press]. Please download this paper from the Assessment 2 folder and read it thoroughly. Question1 This systematic review and meta-analysis of 4 small RCTs examined the effects of vitamin D on atopic dermatitis (AD) symptoms and reported a pooled effect of 5.81 reduction [95% CI: -9.03 to -2.59] in the SCORAD index (see Fig 3). Based on this forest plot: Question 1.1 Which RCT was the largest? Identify the study by the author name and year of publication and the total sample size. (1 sentence) Answer: Camargo 2014, total sample size 104. Question 1.2 Which study contributed more heavily to the pooled effect size? Identify the study by the author name and year of publication and explain why. (2-3 sentences) Answer: Amestejani 2012, as its pooled effect weight was 43.5% Question 1.3 Given the level of statistical heterogeneity reported (50%) was the use of a random-effects model appropriate? (1 sentence) Answer: Yes, the use of random-effects model was appropriate in this case. Question 2 Which factors may have explained the relatively high levels of heterogeneity? List at least three based on the characteristics of the RCTs included in this meta-analysis (3 sentences). Answer: In eight studies, vitamin D was supplemented orally, whereas in one study the subjects were categorized into two groups based on their exposure to sun (subtropical or temperate). Seven studies used cholecalcifereol, one used ergocalciferol, whereas one looked at the effects of sun exposure. Patient and practitioner blinding or performance bias possibilities were low in six studies, unclear in two studies, unreported in one study. Question 3 Considering the sources of error, what is the main assumption of a random-effects model and how does it differ from that of a fixed-effect model? (2 sentences) Answer: In random-effects model, the eà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ects of the studies are assumed to be randomly distributed and the central point of this distribution is the focus of the combined (pooled) eà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ect estimate. In fixed-effect model, the assumption is that a single common (or à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ xed) eà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ect underlies every study in the meta-analysis.[1] Question 4 Based on your critical appraisal of the validity of the RCT by Amestejani et al to what extent do you accept the validity of the effects reported by this meta-analysis? Justify. (3 sentences). Answer: Except blinding of outcome risk bias and other bias, the validity of the effects reported by this meta-analysis is acceptable. Random sequence allocation, allocation concealment, blinding of participants and personnel, incomplete outcome data, and selective reporting all have Low risk of bias. Blinding of outcome assessment has Unclear risk of bias due to insufficient information to permit judgement of Low risk or High risk and the study did not address this outcome. Other bias also has High risk of bias as longitudinal studies with different doses of vitamin D would be better suited to address this issue. Large cohort studies and clinical trials with more sample size also warrant better assessment of this issue. Question 5 Considering the range of the SCORAD index (investigate this), the main outcome of the meta-analysis, how do you deem the clinical relevance of the pooled effect? (3 sentences) Answer: Out of the nine studies, only five studies considered SCORAD index as their main outcome. Since rest four studies used different parameters as the main outcome, considering the range of the SCORAD index as the main outcome of the meta-analysis would not be a justified pooled effect clinically. Question 6 In the discussion section of the meta-analysis by Kim Bae the authors mention that dietary factors may affect AD (2014). Specifically they mentioned that according to a meta-analysis of the six RCTs of infants, the combined risk ratio of the prevalence of AD associated with probiotics was lower compared to placebo (note that prevalence of AD is not an appropriate term for the outcome in the context of RCTs). That aside, the pooled risk ratio (RR) reported in this meta-analysis was 0.86 (0.77 to 0.96). Considering this effect size, calculate the number needed to treat for patients with a baseline AD risk of 15% (show the details of your calculations). References Perera Heneghan. EBM 2008; 13(3):96-9.